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Common methods of decomposing ozone into oxygen and analysis of the advantages of catalytic decomposition
In the field of atmospheric environmental governance and indoor air quality improvement, the technology of decomposing ozone (O₃) into oxygen (O₂) has attracted much attention. When the ozone concentration in the environment exceeds the standard, converting it into oxygen can effectively avoid harm to human health and the environment. At present, the industry has formed a variety of ozone decomposition technology routes, each of which has its own characteristics and applicable scenarios.
Activated carbon adsorption decomposition is one of the traditional treatment methods. This method uses the porous structure of activated carbon to adsorb ozone molecules. During the adsorption process, ozone undergoes a chemical reaction on the surface of activated carbon and decomposes into oxygen. However, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon is limited. In high humidity and high ozone concentration environments, its adsorption efficiency will drop significantly, and it needs to be regenerated or replaced after reaching saturation, which increases the cost of use and the difficulty of maintenance.
The thermal decomposition method is mainly used in high-concentration ozone treatment scenarios. By heating the ozone-containing gas to 300℃ - 400℃, the ozone molecules are prompted to obtain enough energy to decompose and generate oxygen. Although this method has a high decomposition efficiency, it consumes a lot of energy and requires special heating equipment and insulation measures. The operating cost is high. It is generally suitable for centralized treatment of high-concentration ozone such as industrial exhaust gas.
The photocatalytic decomposition method uses ultraviolet or visible light of a specific wavelength to excite ozone molecules and decompose them. For example, ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 185nm can directly act on ozone to crack it into oxygen. However, this method has strict requirements on the light source, the equipment installation space is limited, and when treating low-concentration ozone, the light utilization rate is low and the treatment effect is unstable.
Compared with the above methods, the catalytic decomposition method stands out with its unique advantages and has become a hot topic in current research and application. The catalytic decomposition method uses a catalyst to reduce the activation energy of the ozone decomposition reaction, so that the reaction can be carried out efficiently at room temperature and pressure. Common catalysts include metal oxides (such as manganese dioxide, copper oxide), precious metals (such as platinum, palladium) and their composite materials. These catalysts have the characteristics of high activity and good selectivity, and can maintain stable performance in a wide range of temperature and humidity. At the same time, the catalyst can be reused, which greatly reduces the processing cost, and has a small footprint, which is easy to integrate into various air purification equipment, showing good application prospects in many fields such as indoor air purification and industrial waste gas treatment.
With the growing demand for environmental protection, ozone decomposition technology is still innovating and developing. In the future, researchers will continue to explore more efficient, environmentally friendly and economical decomposition methods, further optimize catalytic decomposition technology, and promote ozone pollution control to a new level.
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